The 54th Massachusetts The Doomed Assault On Fort Wagner Essay Sample free essay sample

The Assault on Fort Wagner has long been the topic of many treatments on the Civil War and is featured conspicuously in all books that have been written about the Civil War. The Assault on Fort Wagner has even been immortalized in the onscreen version entitledGlory. While there has been a batch of treatment with respect to the success of the 54ThursdayMassachusetts. which figured conspicuously in the Assault on Fort Wagner. the fact is that the assault was doomed from the beginning and that the Assault on Fort Wagner was unsuccessful ( Duncan 1999 ) . This short discourse will discourse why such an onslaught was unsuccessful and therefore demoing why the Assault by the 54ThursdayMassachusetts was doomed from the start. To better understand why the assault of the 54ThursdayMassachusetts on Fort Wagner was doomed it is of import to hold a brief treatment of the some of the events that transpired on that fatal twenty-four hours. We will write a custom essay sample on The 54th Massachusetts: The Doomed Assault On Fort Wagner Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page July 18. 1863. It was July 18. 1863 when General Quincy Gilmore decided to get down the assault against Fort Wagner on Morris Island ( Duncan 1999 ) . This was a important location because it guarded the Southern attacks to Charleston Harbor. The Fort was hard to assail straight because it was held by a fort of Confederate Infantry and Artillery and the Fort itself was protected by a narrow attack up the beach. To do affairs worse. the base on balls was constricted by a marshy brook which funneled the soldiers onto a strip of sand a few 100 pess broad doing them vulnerable to enemy fire. The Assault on Fort Wagner was led by the 54th Massachusetts. which was an experimental black regiment of free work forces from the North. This regiment was selected to ramp the forepart with the bayonets and rifles ( Duncan 1999 ) . The 54Thursdaywas suffered monolithic losingss because of their failure in destructing the sandbagged gun emplacements of the Fort. The assault led by the 54ThursdayMassachusetts was besides made more hard by the fact that they were under heavy fire from the heavy heavy weapon and the massed musketry. Soon after. the first S. C. Artillery positioned itself on the right wing of the garrison. in the sand dunes. in order to be able to brush the forepart wall of the Fort with Cannister. The drawn-out manus to manus contending that ensued was fierce after which the Federal military personnels were ordered to retreat because of the heavy losingss that they suffered. The backdown of the Federal Troops left Fort Wagner in the custodies of the Confederates ( Wise 1994 ) . At this point it becomes clear that the Assault on Fort Wagner was sick conceived and ill planned as manifested. non merely by the immense losingss that were suffered but besides by subsequent backdown of the Federal Troops ( Wise 1994 ) . There are two chief grounds why the assault of the 54ThursdayMassachusetts failed. There was a failure to appreciate the fact that Fort Wagner was strategically located and thereby leting a comparatively little force in comparing to support it against the foot and there was the failure to supply more support for the doomed 54ThursdayMassachusetts ( Wise 1994 ) . The first ground was that Fort Wagner was a to the full enclosed and good defended garrison. It spanned 250 by 100 paces and covered the full southern cervix of Cumming’s Point from the Atlantic on the Eastern side to an unpassable swamp on the Western side ( Emilio 1894 ) . The garrison was an baronial figure as its sloping sand and earthen parapets rose about 30 ( 30 ) pess above the beach degree and each side was bolstered by palmetto logs and sandbags. The defences of Fort Wagner included 14 ( 14 ) cannons. the largest of which was a 10-inch Columbiad that fired a 128-pound shell ( Emilio 1894 ) . The chief characteristic that made any land assault on the garrison hard was the fact that the fort’s land face. which was the lone topographic point where any Union assault would come from. was screened by a water-filled ditch. which was 10 pess broad and 5 pess deep. There were besides land mines that were buried along the attack and the razor-sharp palmetto bets that we re set up provided extra obstructions. This made any foot assault on the Fort doomed from the start ( Emilio 1894 ) . This was the bloody lesson that General Gilmore learned as it took about two months of uninterrupted combat and changeless barrage before Fort Wagner was eventually surrendered by the Confederates. Any direct assault on the Fort. such as the one initiated by the 54ThursdayMassachusetts. would be mostly ineffective against such a good defended location that besides had the geographical advantage ( Emilio 1894 ) . The 2nd ground for the failure of the assault of the 54ThursdayMassachusetts was the fact that they were the front line against a enemy that was non yet weakened ( Cox 1891 ) . While there was artillery support from the SSNew Ironsides.which was a virtually a natation gun platform encased in Fe. the narrow attack to the garrison made any direct assault upon it virtually doomed. The 54Thursdaywas the vanguard of the Union onslaught force and as such was expected to endure the most casualties. The heavy weapon barrage that had commenced before had made any promotion by the 54Thursdayhighly hard as the fosse was now filled with sand. while elsewhere the H2O was knee- to-waist-deep ( Cox 1891 ) . The 54Thursdaywas hence up against all odds and the lone ground why the full regiment was non decimated is a testament to the character and strength of those courageous soldiers. The assault on Fort Wagner by the 54ThursdayMassachusetts was doomed from the start. As the vanguard for the Union. this regiment was expected to absorb the brunt of the guardians onslaughts. They were commissioned and positioned to endure most of the losingss. The heavy weapon barrage that was meant to impart support was ineffective at that point in the assault and merely served to do things more hard of the 54Thursday. The garrison was besides excessively good defended and had the strategic advantage of higher land and holding merely a individual narrow attack that could easy be defended against any direct onslaught which was shown by the failure of the 54ThursdayMassachusetts. Mentions Cox. Clinton ( 1891 ) .Undying Glory: The narrative of the Massachusetts 54th Regiment. Boston: The Boston Book Company. 1891 Duncan. Russell ( 1999 ) .Where Death and Glory Meet: Colonel Robert Gould Shaw and the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. University of Georgia Press. 1999. Emilio. Luis F. ( 1894 ) .A Brave Black Regiment: The History of the 54th Massachusetts. 1863-1865. Da Capo Press. 1894. Wise. Stephen R. ( 1994 ) .â€Å"Gate of Hell. Campaign for Charleston Harbor. 1863† .U. S. C. Press. 1994.

The long run effect of the Eurozone crisis in Germany and Greece

The long run effect of the Eurozone crisis in Germany and Greece Introduction The European financial crisis, which is mostly referred to as the Euro crisis, is an economic term that depicts the economic status of most European countries. The Eurozone crisis started in the year 2009 when most countries in Europe exceeded their spending limits and embarked on borrowing mostly from the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The long run effect of the Eurozone crisis in Germany and Greece specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most countries affected by the Europe crisis were members of the EU including France, Germany, Italy, and Greece among others. The crisis followed after the introduction of the Euro currency to be used as a common trading currency among members of the European Union that excluded countries like the Great Britain. The Euro crisis was instigated by reducing the bank lending rate meant to steer economic growth, but most of the countries could not repay these loans. The countries defaulted to repay back the loans. Thus, the European Central Bank was left to struggle to keep the economy of Europe in the worst case scenario since 1998 when the global crisis emerged (Arestis 2012). The existence of the European Union was threatened by this crisis as the banking lending rates became very low. This could stall economic growth thereby instigating loss of jobs in Europe when companies are forced to limit their spending just to keep afloat. Stringent measures had to be thought out quickly as it required the intervention of economic giants like the US and Germany. This was meant to help avert the crisis that would lead to another global financial crisis. Countries like Greece were on the verge of defaulting to repay some of the loans lend out by the ECB and IMF. Thus, the intervention of Germany to help in stimulating the economy of Greece to help it repay the loan was crucial (OECD Economic Surveys: Greece 2011, 2011). The Solow growth model The Solow growth model is an economic graph that examines economic growth by checking how factors like production, population and capital affect the economy. Factors of production like capital and labour affect production in terms of volume and quality. Consumption of goods forms a part of the equation. In this case, demand and supply forces determine the cost of production. The Solow model is represented by the following equation. Y = c + I, where y represents the production function in an economy, c represents consumption, whereas the I represent investments. The Solow model can be represented by the graph below.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the graph, it is clear that the higher the economy’s output, the greater the amount of investment. In the case of Greece, the government should increase the level of national output to stabilize the economy. In turn, this will increase the level of investment and thus leading to increased production. A country’s level of output is determined by the input factors. These are factors present in the country where capital and labour resources need to be well utilized to increase the level of output. The Solow growth model can indicate that German has put in place good production resources. Thus, the economy of the country is stabilizing while else the economy of Greece seems to stagnate. A country’s growth is determined by its production and how the production is integrated into its input such as labour and capital. The population in a country provides manpower that helps the industries to operate efficiently. The capital is used to set up a new production line that will help the country to experience growth. The Eurozone Crisis German is known to have a stable economy where any decline in the lending rates could affect the e conomy of the country. The government of Germany has set good and solid financial policies that shield the country’s economy from major global financial crisis. However, the Eurozone crisis happened right in the middle of the country’s major trade partners and thus the value of export in the country could be reduced. Thus, to the emergence of a single currency to be used by members of the European Union the effect of the Eurozone crisis would affect adversely on the members of this union. The Eurozone crisis would spell out a weak Euro currency, which would have a long term effect on the economy of Europe. The economy would reverse due to closure of businesses and companies as they try to cut down on the spending through employee lay off and reduced sale value (Great Britain 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The long run effect of the Eurozone crisis in Germany and Greece specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A strong currency would spell out economic growth where countries would experience an economic boom. Thus, the countries would increase the level of their export, and the government would collect high revenue. In the short run, the bailing out of most of the countries would spell out a relief to the economy of Europe where the central bank would be required to print more money to help in repaying some of these loans. However, in the long run, the inflation in Europe would sky rocket registering double digits. This will finally affect the global economy leading to adverse effects on the running of major governments and businesses. The economy of Greece was on the verge of collapse, and as a result of the Eurozone crisis, the country’s economy was in huge trouble. This would affect other countries in Europe (Petrakis 2011). Thus, proper policies from countries like Italy and Spain were to be implemented to help avert the situation in Greece. Greece would have resulted t o more borrowing and accumulate the international debt further and thus slow down their economic growth or even resort to the printing of money, and this would raise the rate of inflation in the country (Siebert 2005). The Eurozone crisis would spell out a sovereign financial crisis to major economies in Europe. Here, they would lose investors, and the Euro currency would fall in value affecting most export from Europe. This will also increase the governments spending as they try to avert the crisis. The value of the Euro would fall amid fears from major world currencies like the US dollar and the sterling pound (Lynn 2011). Thus, the effect of the Eurozone crisis would not only affect Greece and Germany, but other countries in the world would also be affected negatively. The economy of most European countries sustains many countries, especially in Africa and Asia. These are countries that rely a lot on the trading of the Euro and the financial capability of the European Central Ban k to help in money lending and foreign exchange rates to stabilize. The effects of the Eurozone crisis are more profound on the running of the economy of countries like Germany and Greece. The value of the Euro was mostly set out to match the value of the Deutschmark, which was the most stable currency in Europe. Thus, the economy of Germany mostly depends on the value of the Euro (Raussello 2012). The German central bank also referred to as the Bundesbank acted as preservation of the Euro. The bank sought to clear the Eurozone crisis through the economic stimulus program.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was designed to help most European countries to steer to better economic growth and preserve the value of the Euro. The Euro is highly recognized as a strong trading currency due to its capability and power to trade in different countries around Europe. Thus, any fall in the global market would adversely affect the Euro plus other major currencies in the world (Rogers 2012). The demand of the Euro would reduce if its value declined and this would affect the international trade in Europe that relies mostly on the export of industrial goods and services. Third party governments had to intervene and help in financing these loans. This was due to the effect that some governments could not repay or finance some of the debt they owed to the major world financial institution. Some of the countries that were unable to finance their debts include Greece. In the case of Greece, there was the intervention from countries like German (Fiorentini Montani 2012). The government of German was willing to bail out some of these governments. This was to be taken as a policy to address the crisis, which would have an adverse effect on the economy of many European countries in the long run. Sluggish economic growth in many European countries would even shake stable economies like Germany and Spain. Thus, as a caution to shield their economy from the crisis, the government of these countries resolved to help avert the crisis effects. This was especially the case in other countries like Greece, which were not in a position to finance its foreign debt (Fiorentini Montani 2012). The Eurozone crisis has had adverse effects on the economy of Germany and Greece and not to mention the effect it has had on the economy of Europe and the world. The loss of investors as a result of weak Euro will affect the GDP of most European countries. The effect of the Eurozone crisis in Greece would be adverse and considerably profound due to its inability to finance some of its foreign debts. In t his case, the government would be forced to borrow significantly to repay a part of this loan. The financial position of the country would be on the decline as many jobs would be lost as a result of the financial meltdown. The government would resort to either print extra money or borrow from other sources. In turn, this would increase the money supply within the economy thus raising the level of inflation. Inflation in the country would spell a low bargaining power of the goods and services in the country. International trade would be adversely affected as the countrys goods would fetch low prices on the market due to low currency value in the country (Hardach 1980). The country’s import would cost the country more money as compared to a situation with a strong currency. The country would be spending more than its capacity for the same goods and services. The level of unemployment would increase as most companies would be involved in labour restructuring as a result of cutti ng costs in the country. The government should give relief to the laid off workers when the level of unemployment increases. In this case, the revenue collected from the tax would also decline resulting in low economic growth (Farnsworth Irving 2011). The long run effect of the Eurozone crisis on the economy of German would be a reduced economic growth. In this case, considerable funds would be directed to countries like Greece, which have defaulted in paying their foreign debt. The country’s government would resort to issuing of tax relief to some of its companies that may be affected by the low value of the Euro. The low value of the Euro would affect local industries that produce goods and services for export. Here, their sales would decline due to low currency value thus leading to the lay off some of the workers as a cost cutting mechanism in order to remain in business (Habermas Cronin 2012). The countrys lending rate would go down. This will adversely affect the econ omic growth in the long run as the government tries to revive some of the companies to enhance borrowing in order to stay in business. The government would resort to privatization of some of its assets as it tries to offset some of the deficits it may incur in the process. The country had to budget for over 110 billion Euros to bail out Greece and other countries that had a problem in meeting up the loan repayment. Such financial budgets can affect both the country that is bailing out, and the beneficiary as more stringent measures could be issued to avert the whole situation (Arestis Sawyer 2012). There were various solutions to the Eurozone crisis where major economies in Europe like German, Spain and Italy resolved to help countries like Greece that had problems in repaying their foreign debts in time. The country had to privatize most of its assets as a means of payment for the bail out. This would also help restore the country’s economy, which was on the verge of collap se (Lipschitz McDonald 1990). This will also stimulate economic growth within the next few years. The country had to implement a complete restructuring of its financial reforms so as to stimulate competitiveness and economic growth. The reforms would help in steering the economy to greater heights and project government initiated investment into the economy. The economy could be improved by issuing government bonds to raise more funds and service the loan without having much effect on the value of the Euro. The bail out would help Greece to reduce a part of its foreign debt by over a half. This would help the country to increase its GDP through increased investment and strengthening of the countrys economic growth rate to a great extent (Baldwin, Gros Laeven, 2010). Conclusion The Euro crisis is said to have emanated from various countries in Europe. These are countries that had defaulted in paying their public debt. This led to a fall in value of the Euro currency. Countries like German, which have had strong and stable economic growth characterized by strong, financial capability, resolved to bail out some of these countries that had un-serviced foreign debt accumulating to millions of dollars. These defaulting countries included Greece that had a foreign debt amounting to more than 110 billion Euros. Most industries in the country were on the verge of collapse and thus required an economic stimulus package to help revive the economy back again. The long term effects of the crisis are still being experienced in these countries as they try to revive the value of the Euro for competitive trading. Reference List Arestis, P Sawyer, MC 2012, The Euro crisis, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke Hampshire. Arestis, P 2012. The Euro crisis, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Baldwin, RE, Gros, D Laeven, L 2010, Completing the Eurozone rescue: what more needs to be done? Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, Farnsworth, K Irving, Z 2011, Social poli cy in challenging times: economic crisis and welfare systems, Policy, Bristol. Fiorentini, R Montani, G 2012. The new global political economy: from crisis to supranational integration, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Glos, UK. Great Britain 2012, Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance: impact on the eurozone and the rule of law: sixty-second report of session 2010-12. Vol. 1, Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence, Stationery Office, London. Habermas, J Cronin, C 2012. The crisis of the European Union: a response, Polity, Cambridge, UK. Hardach, K 1980, The political economy of Germany in the twentieth century, Univ. of California Press, Berkeley. Lipschitz, L McDonald, D 1990, German unification: economic issues, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C. Lynn, M 2011. Bust: Greece, the Euro, and the Sovereign Debt Crisis, Hoboken, Bloomberg Press, N.J. OECD Economic Surveys: Greece 2011 2011, OECD, Paris. Petrakis, P 2011. The Greek Economy Afte r the Crisis: Challenges and Responses, Springer Berlin, Berlin. Raussello, F 2012, The Eurozone experience: monetary integration in the absence of a European government, F. Angeli, Milano. Rogers, C 2012, The IMF and European economies: crisis and conditionality, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills Basingstoke. Siebert, H 2005, The German economy beyond the social market. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton.